Inkunkuma yeplastiki yingxaki enjaloIbangela izikhukulaKweminye imimandla yehlabathi. Njengoko ii-polymers zeplastiki aziboneli ngokulula, ukungcoliseka kweplastiki kunokuvula imilambo yonke. Ukuba ifikelela elwandle iphela iphelaI-patches yenkunkuma.

Kwibhasi yokujongana nengxaki yehlabathi yokungcoliseka kweplastiki, abaphandi baphuhlise iplastiki edityisiweyo evele emva kokuba beveliswe lilanga, okanye uqhelene kakhulu kwiveki, okanye kwinkulungwane yonke, inokuthatha iplastiki yemihla ngemihla izinto zokubola.

NgaphakathiIphepha elipapashweKwijenali yoluntu lwaseMelika (i-jacs), abaphandi bacacisa iplastiki yabo entsha esiyingqongileyo ebalekayo kwi-Succcinic Acid, i-molecy yendalo engathathi ntweni engashiyi iziqwenga ezincinci kwindalo esingqongileyo.

Izazinzulu zisebenzisa i-Nurgloed Remoning (NMR) kunye ne-STATRASSCOP yekhemikhali yokutyhila iziphumo zazo kwiplasitiki, i-petroleum esekwe kwi-polymer.

Isekwe? Ngaba ubuchule? Ngaba iyasebenza? Isikhokelo sakho kwiiplastiki ezizinzileyo

Ngozinzo oluphezulu kwi-ajenda ye-ajenda kunye netekhnoloji ehambelanayo, umhlaba weplastiki uyatshintsha. Nantsi into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nezinto zeplastiki zangoku - kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukudidanisa isigama,

Inkunkuma yeplastiki iye yaba yinkxalabo yehlabathi.Phantse ikhulu lamakhulu amane eetoni le-Iveliswe kwihlabathi liphela ngonyaka, ngelixaIipesenti ezingama-78 zazo zonke inkunkuma zeplastiki ziye zaphela ziphelile kwibala lemihlaba okanye njengenkunkuma kwindawo yendalo.

Kodwa kuthekani malunga neplastiki entsha, eZinzileyo ngakumbi - Ngaba baya kusinceda ukuba sikwazi ukujongana nomceli mngeni weplastiki? Ithetha ukuthini imibandela ye-biio esekwe kwi-bi bi bio, biedegrady okanye i-bibys echanekileyo, kwaye banokusinceda njani sifezekise iithagethi zokuzinza kwamabhotwe kwaye basike njani imfuneko yeoyile ebuhlungu?

Siza kukuthatha ngeyona nto iqhelekileyo ehambelana neplastiki ezizinzileyo kwaye ityhila izibakala ezikwicala ngalinye.

I-bieplatics - iplasitiki ayisekwe kwi-bio-esekwe okanye i-biodegradable okanye zombini

I-biloplastics ligama elisetyenziselwa ukubhekisa kwiPlastikis elisekwe kwi-bio-esekwe, yibhayoloji, okanye ilungele zombini iikhrayitheriya.

Ngokwahlukileyo kwiplastiki zemveli ezenziwe kwifosili yefosmore,IPlastics esekwe kwi-bio-esekwe ngokupheleleyo okanye yenziwa ngokuyinxenye kwi-feedstock ehlaziyiweyoethathwe kwi-biomass. Izinto ezixhaswayo ezisetyenziswayo zokuvelisa le fewock ye-fertob ehlaziyiweyo ibandakanya iziqu zemithi, iziqu zerwatshi kunye neselflose, kunye neeoyile ezahlukeneyo kunye ne-faks ezivela kwimithombo ehlaziyiweyo. I-bieplastics 'yeplastiki esekwe kwi-bio-isesidla ngokusetyenziswa ngokungaguqukiyo nge-carpeople kodwa ayithethi nto enye.

I-biodegraphics esebenzayoziiplasitiki zezinto ezintsha zemolekyuli ezinokwaliwa yintsholongwane ekupheleni kobomi babo phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokusingqongileyo. Ayisiyo yonke iplastiki esekwe kwi-biio

I-Bio-esekwe-yeplastiki eziqukethe izinto ezivelisiweyo kwi-biomass

Iiplasitiki ezisisiseko zisekwe ngokuyinxenye okanye zenziwe ngokupheleleyo kwinto eyenziwe kwi-biomass endaweni yezixhobo eziluhlaza zefosili. Ezinye zixabisekile kodwa ezinye azikho.

Ngo-2018, i-2.61 yezigidi zeetoni zePlastiki ezisekwe kwi-bio-esekwe kwihlabathi liphela,NgokweZiko lePhepha leZibizi kunye ne-biocosetes (ifbb). Kodwa oko kusezantsi nje kune-1% yemakethi yeplasti yehlabathi. Njengoko imfuno yeplastiki iyaqhubeka ikhula, kunjalo ke yimfuno yezisombululo ezizinzileyo zeplastiki. Iplastiki yesiqhelo ye-fossil inokuthi itshintshwe ngeplastiki ye-Drop-kwi-bio-isekwe kwi-bio-isekwe kwi-bio-isekwe. Oku kunokunceda ukunciphisa i-carbon yonyawo lwemveliso yokuphela kwemveliso ngelixa ezinye iimpawu zemveliso-ukunqunyulwa kwayo okanye ukuphinda kusetyenzisiwe - umzekelo, hlala unjalo.

I-PolyhydhyroXorkwanga yasePolyydhroXorukanisayo okanye iPi, luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lweplastiki esekwe kwi-bi biode, ngoku isetyenziselwa ukwenza ukupakisha kunye neebhotile, umzekelo. YiIveliswe kukubiwa kwemizi-mveliso xa i-bacteria ethile yondliwa iswekile okanye inqathaUkusuka kwi-suretocks enjeIibheyile, iswekile ye-Sule, i-Corn okanye ioyile yemifuno. Kodwa ukungafuneki kwe-byproducles,njengokupheka kwenkunkuma okupheka okanye i-molses ehlala emva kwemveliso yeswekile, inokusetyenziswa njengenye indyebo, ikhulule izityalo zokutya kokusetyenziswa kwezinye izinto.

Njengoko imfuno yeplastiki iyaqhubeka nokukhula, uluhlu olubanzi lweplastiki esekwe kwi-bio-osekwe kwintengiso kwaye kufuneka lusetyenziswe ngakumbi njengenye indlela

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Eminye iplastiki esekwe kwi-bio-esekwe kwi-bio, enje, kwiPlastikis inokufana nezakhiwo ezifanayo zekhemikhali kunye nezinto eziqhelekileyo zeplasitiki eziqhelekileyo. Ezi plastics azinakulinganiswa, kwaye zihlala zisetyenziswa kwizicelo apho i-piraly yinto oyifunayo.

I-bie-pet esekwe kwi-bio, eyenziwe ngokuyinxenye kwi-organic ye-orlone Glycol efumaneka kwizityalo, isetyenziswa kwiimveliso ezininzi ezifanaIibhotile, umkhosi wemoto kunye ne-elektroniki. Njengemfuno yabathengi yokuphuculwa kweeplastiki ngakumbi,Imakethi yale ntengiso kulindeleke ukuba ikhule nge-10.8% ukusuka ngo-2018 ukuya ku-2024, idityanisiwe ngonyaka.

I-bio-isekwe iPolypropylene (PP) yenye yeplastiki enokuthi isetyenziselwe ukwenza iimveliso ezinje ngezitulo, izikhongozeli kunye neekhaphethi. Ngo-2018,Ukuveliswa kwenqanaba lokuthengiswa kwe-biio-esekwe kwi-bio-esekwe kwixesha lokuqala,Ukuvelisa inkcitho kunye ne-oils mid, efana neoyile yokupheka esetyenzisiweyo.

I-biodegradable-iplastiki ebola phantsi kweemeko ezithile

If a plastic is biodegradable, it means that it can undergo decomposition under certain environmental conditions and when in contact with specific bacteria or microbes – turning it into water, biomass and carbon dioxide, or methane, depending on aerobic or anaerobic conditions. U-biodegradiation ayisiyonto ibonisa umxholo osekwe kwi-bio-bio; Endaweni yoko, idityaniswe kwisakhiwo se-molecular seplastiki. Nangona uninzi lweeplastiki ze biodegraphic zisekwe kwi-bio-esekwe,Ezinye iiplasitiki ze-biodegraphing zenziwa kwi-fossil ye-fostock esekwe.

Ikota yesi-biodegradable iqaqambile kuba ayenzikhankanya isithuba sexeshaokanye imeko yokungalungisi. Uninzi lweeplasitiki, nokuba zenzekile, ziya kuncipha ukuba zinikwe ixesha elaneleyo, umzekelo iminyaka emininzi. Baza kugqobhoza kwiziqwenga ezincinci ezinokungabonakali kwiliso lomntu, kodwa bahlale bekhona njengeemitha kwindalo esingqongileyo.Ngokwahlukileyo, uninzi lweeplastiki ze-biodegradya ziya kuba yi-biodegrade kwi-CO2, amanzi kunye ne-biomass ukuba zinikwe ixesha elaneleyophantsi kweemeko ezithile zokusingqongileyo. Kucetyiswa ukubaUlwazi oluneenkcukachaMalunga neplastiki ethatha ixesha elingakanani kwi-biodegrade, inqanaba le-biodegradation kunye neemeko eziyimfuneko kufuneka zibonelelwe ngcono iziqinisekiso zayo zokusingqongileyo. Iplasitikithi ehlanganisiweyo, uhlobo lweplastiki enokusetyenziswa, kulula ukuyivavanya kuba kufuneka ifezekise imigangatho echaziweyo ukuba ifanelekile ilebheli.

I-Compostical-Uhlobo lwePlasikineli yeBilodegrady

Iplasitikithi yeProtost yi-subset yeplastiki enokusetyenziswa. Phantsi kweemeko zokuncoma, iqhekezwe ziintsholongwane kwi-CO2, amanzi kunye ne-biomass.

Ngeplastiki yokuqinisekiswa ukuba idityanisiwe, kufuneka ifezekise imigangatho ethile. EYurophu, oko kuthetha ukuba kwiIxesha lexesha leveki ezili-12, i-90% yeplastiki kufuneka ibole iziqwenga ezingaphantsi kwe-2mmubukhulu kwiimeko ezilawulwayo. Kufuneka iqulethe amanqanaba asezantsi eentsimbi kangangokuba ayinzakalanga umhlaba.

Iplasitiki eQhelekileyoKufuneka uthunyelwe kwindawo yemizi-mveliso apho ubushushu kunye neemeko ezinomswakama ziyasetyenziswaukwenzela ukuqinisekiswa kohlazo. Umzekelo, umzekelo, sisitya se-fossil sokondla esisetyenziselwa ukwenza inkunkuma yenkunkuma yezinto eziphilayo, iikomityi ezilahliweyo kunye nokupakisha ifilimu kwaye ingonakali kwizityalo zequla.

Iplastiki eyaphula indawo evulekileyo efana nemfumba ye-compost yekhaya iqhele ukwenza. I-Phats, umzekelo, zilungele iBhili kodwa ayisetyenziswanga ngokubanziZiyabiza ukuvelisa kwaye inkqubo icotha kwaye kunzima ukuphakamisa. Nangona kunjalo imichiza isebenza ekuphuculeni le, umzekelo ngokusebenzisaI-Catatally yekhemikhali yeNovel-Izinto ezincedayo ukunyusa umgangatho wokuphendula kwemichiza.

Ukuphinda usebenzise kwakhona-jika iplastiki esetyenzisiweyo kwiimveliso ezintsha ngoomatshini okanye kwiikhemikhali

Ukuba iplastiki inokuphinda isebenze, oko kuthetha ukuba inokuthandwa kwisityalo semizi-mveliso kwaye iguqulwe ibe ezinye iimveliso eziluncedo. Iindidi ezininzi zeplasitiki eziqhelekileyo zinokuphinda ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde zenziwe ngoomatshini - olona hlobo luqhelekileyo lokurisayikilisha.Kodwa uhlalutyo lokuqala lwehlabathi kuyo yonke inkunkuma yeplastiki eyakhe yaveliswaifumanise ukuba i-9% kuphela yeplastiki ihlaziyiwe kuba esona sixhobo saqala ukuveliswa malunga namashumi amathandathu eminyaka eyadlulayo.

Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhonakubandakanya ukuqhutywa kunye nokunyibilikisa inkunkuma yeplastiki kwaye uyiguqule ibe yi-pellets. Ezi pellets zisetyenziswa njengento engafunekiyo yokwenza iimveliso ezintsha. Umgangatho weplastiki uyawohloka ngexesha lenkqubo; ke isiqwenga seplastikiInokuphinda isebenze kwakhona kuphela inani lamaxeshaNgaphambi kokuba ingasabeki njengento engafunekiyo. Iplastiki entsha, okanye 'iplastiki ye-phripgin', ke idla ngokuxubeka neplastiki ehlaziyiweyo ngaphambi kokuba iguqulwe ibe yimveliso entsha ukunceda ukufikelela kwinqanaba elifunayo. Kwanaxa, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe iplastiki zeplastiki kungalingani zonke iinjongo.

Iplastiki ehlaziyiweyo yokuphinda uyisebenzise i-chemicy inokutshintsha isixhobo se-FOSOL se-FOSOW esekwe kwi-oyile kwimveliso yeplastiki entsha

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Ukuphinda kusetyenziswwe ngokutsha kwamachiza, apho i-plastics iguqulwa emva yokwakha iibhloko kwaye emva koko iqhubekisiwe kwi-Virgigin yomgangatho ophantsi kwePlastiki kunye neekhemikhali, yintsapho entsha yeenkqubo ezifumanekayo. Ngokwesiqhelo kubandakanya i-catalysts kunye / okanye iqondo lobushushu elikhulu lokwaphula iplastiki kwayeinokusetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwenkunkuma yeplastiki xa kuthelekiswa nokuphinda-phinda kwakhona. Umzekelo, iifilimu zeplastiki eziqukethe ii-fashiers ezininzi okanye ungcoliseko oluthile alunakuba lucutyulwe ngokutsha kodwa lusebenze kwakhona.

Izinto ezingafunekiyo ezenziwe kwinkunkuma yeplastiki kwinkqubo yokuphinda isebenze yekhemikhali inokusetyenziswaFaka endaweni yezinto ezibukhali ze-oyile ezisekwe kwi-oyile e-suve ye-oyile esekwe kwimveliso ye-New, ekumgangatho ophezulu.

Esinye sezibonelelo eziphambili zokurisayikilisha ngokutsha kukuba yinkqubo yokuphuculwa apho umgangatho weplastiki awuyi kuqhutywa ngokungafaniyo nezona ndlela zikhawulezayo. Iplastiki enokubakho inokusetyenziselwa ukwenza uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso kubandakanya izikhongozeli zokutya kunye nezinto zonyango kunye nezempilo apho kukho iimfuno zoKhuseleko lweMveliso engqongqo.